Mozambique stands at a crossroads in its national development trajectory. The quality of leadership during the next five years will determine whether the country’s citizens are able to participate broadly in emerging economic opportunities and a more open political order that prioritizes human development and achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Any drift toward an alternative path that leads to entrenchment of a political elite dedicated to sustaining their own power to serve as gatekeepers to the nation’s wealth should be mitigated through diplomacy and development resources.